The anatomy of a strong password
A strong password has three properties, in this order of importance:
- It is long. Each extra character multiplies the number of possibilities by the size of the character set. Going from 12 to 20 characters makes a password roughly 6 quadrillion times harder to brute-force.
- It is random. No dictionary words, names, dates, keyboard walks (
qwerty,1qaz2wsx) or predictable substitutions (P@ssw0rd). - It is unique. Used for exactly one account, so a leak somewhere else cannot unlock it.
Complexity rules (“one uppercase, one number, one symbol”) help only a little. They are why so many people end up with Welcome1!. A long random string satisfies those rules automatically — this generator always includes at least one character of each selected type.
How strong is “strong enough”?
Attackers who steal a database of password hashes can test guesses offline at enormous speed. A single modern GPU can try more than 100 billion MD5 or NTLM hashes per second. That is the scenario to plan for:
| Password (all 94 characters) | Entropy | Average time at 10¹¹ guesses/sec |
|---|---|---|
| 8 characters | 52 bits | about 8 hours |
| 10 characters | 66 bits | about 9 years |
| 12 characters | 79 bits | about 80,000 years |
| 16 characters | 105 bits | about 400 times the age of the universe |
| 20 characters | 131 bits | effectively never |
We default to 20 characters because it leaves a huge safety margin for future hardware, and it costs you nothing when a password manager does the remembering.
When a website limits your password
Some older sites cap length at 12 or 16 characters or forbid certain symbols. In that case use the maximum length they allow, keep all permitted character types, and make sure that account has two-factor authentication. If a site rejects specific symbols such as quotes or backslashes, use the alphanumeric generator and add a few characters to compensate.
Strong passwords are only half the job
Even a perfect password can be phished or stolen by malware. Pair it with multi-factor authentication, keep your devices updated, and check passwords you already use with the password strength checker — it runs offline, too.
Last updated: · Reviewed by the Password Generator team